Norbert, that shaft is fixed to the main casing by a small grubscrew, look under the dirt next to the sprocket. Very awkward with the gearbox in place, it is underneath! Better done with gearbox removed, so leave alone if you can. The gear selector forks should slide easily along this shaft. With the grubscrew removed, the shaft will pull out. Check that the shaft is true, and not bowed or bent. When reassembling, leave the grubscrew to last to avoid damaging the casting. All mentioned in previous gearbox posts.
The plunger, spring housing (I think you called this the lower fixing pin) and spring simply unscrew, and with just a couple of the housing threads showing below the locknut, reassembled into the gearbox should be a good starting point for adjustment. Too loose...jumps out of gear/won't change gear. Too tight... hard to change gear. 5 Threads showing is a bit too loose, screwing the housing into the gearbox puts more tension on the plunger spring. So, Yes, too loose could have been the problem.
This adjustment is critical as some spring tension is needed to enable the plunger to rotate the camplate, more influential in down changes, as well as hold the plunger against the camplate notches and keep the gear selected, without being too tight, which makes the camplate harder to move.
Swarfy.